Tag Archives: loop

Deep Synth — Dynamically Generated Oscillators

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The situation — You want an instrument that can play any number of oscillators, determined by a p-field value in the score. The problem — Unit generators cannot be dynamically created in an instrument with a simple loop. One possible solution — Multiple events can be generated in a loop, with each event triggering an oscillator-based instrument.

Download: Deep_Synth.csd
Listen: Deep_Synth.mp3

The Csound file Deep_Synth.csd provides an example of how to dynamically generate oscillators using the compound instrument technique. A compound instrument is two or more instruments that operate as a single functioning unit. This particular compound instrument is built from two instruments: DeepSynth and SynthEngine. SynthEngine is, you guessed it, the synth engine, while DeepSynth is a player instrument that generates multiple events for SynthEngine using the opcodes loop_lt and event_i:

i_index = 0
loop_start:
    ...
    event_i "i", $SynthEngine, 0, idur, iamp, ipch, iattack, idecay, ipan,
            irange, icps_min, icps_max, ifn
loop_lt i_index, 1, ivoices, loop_start

If you are wondering why we can’t just place a unit generator, such as oscil, inside of a loop, read Steven Yi’s articles Control Flow Pt I and Pt II. Pay special attention to the section IV. Recursion – Tecnical Explanation near the end of Pt. II. Not only does Mr. Yi do an excellent job explaining these technical reasons, but he also provides another applicable solution for creating multiple unit generator instances utilizing recursion and user-defined opcodes.

Sound Design

The instrument SynthEngine uses a single wavetable oscillator, an amplitude envelope and the jitter opcode to randomly modulate frequency. A single instance of DeepSynth can generate multiple instances of SynthEngine. DeepSynth can generate a single instance, or 10,000+. Users have control over the depth of frequency modulation, as well as the rate in which jitter ramps from one random value to the next. Panning between instances of SynthEngine is evenly distributed.

“Turn it up!” – Abe Simpson

The name DeepSynth is a homage to Dr. James A. Moorer‘s piece Deep Note, also known as the infamous THX Logo Theme. Very early in the design, it became evident that DeepSynth is capable of making very Deep Note like drones. This is due to the fact that it does utilize some of the defining techniques used in Dr. Moorer’s piece.

I highly recommend reading Recreating the THX Deep Note by Batuhan Bozkurt at EarSlap. The author conveniently walks readers through each step of the process, providing both audio and Supercollider code examples. If you have ever yearned to create that amazing sound for yourself, here’s your opportunity.

Splice and Stutter

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Splice and StutterToday on The Csound Blog, we’re going to learn how to build a loop-based sampler out of common household ingredients.

Listen: mp3

Download: splice_and_stutter.csd, BT Sample Pack (13.2 MB)

Here’s a brief rundown of today’s example. A drum loop is loaded into an f-table with the instrument LoadSample. The instrument SampleEngine plays back selective parts of the loop. Instruments Basic, Stutter and Random are interface instruments that simplify the process of triggering samples.

The LoadSample instrument loads a sample into an f-table, while storing information about the sample into an ad hoc data structure created from chn busses. Here isn’t the place to go into detail. I will say that it is akin to a C struct, and stores the file name, sample rate, length of file (in samples), the tempo, and the number of beats (quarter notes) in the loop. All the user-defined opcodes are support opcodes for the data structure.

SampleEngine is the heart of this piece. It works by triggering discreet notes from within the loop, with the loop offset being determined by input it receives via p-field 7. The offset unit is in beats. Let’s say the loop is 16 beats long. A passed value of 0 plays the first quarter note. A value of 1 plays the second quarter note of the loop, etc.

This instrument is designed to be played by other instruments, rather than being triggered directly by a score i-event. That is…

Instead of having multiple samplers that do various things, I created a single complex sampler engine that is capable of a wider range of tricks. The problem with complex instruments in Csound is that writing score events can be cumbersome to write and certainly hard to read, especially when dealing with several parameters. This is where the interface instruments come into play.

The interface instruments Basic, Stutter and Random help us tame the complexity of SampleEngine by reducing the number of p-fields needed by the score, and by defining clear behaviors.  Basic is a no thrills controller that simply triggers part of the loop. Stutter, well, stutters. Random randomly picks a beat and plays it.

A greatly added benefit to this approach is that the score is much easier to read. Instead of trying to figure out if a particular i-event stutters or not by scanning a row of numbers, one can just casually look at the name of the instrument used. To put it another way, does this stutter?

i 5 7 1 0.25 0.5 100 12 0.083 1 0

How about this?

i $Stutter 7 1 0.25 0.5 100 12 [1 / 12]

There are a lots of ins and outs to today’s example. And I admit, I skipped over most of them. If there is a particular issue or issues you wish for me to expand on, comment below, and I’ll make it a priority to blog about it in the future.

This sampler is a derivitive work based on an instrument co-developed by Jean-Luc Sinclair (aka Jean-Luc Cohen) and myself back in 2006. The loop in today’s example is by BT (aka Brian Transeau), released under a Creative Commons attribution license, and released as part of the OLPC Sample Library. You can obtain this sample and others here. (13.2 MB) You will need the loop “105 Blanketed Lama.wav” in order to run the csd file.

Update: There is an issue with the CSD file not running on Windows Windows Me (or earlier). There is now a fix. Download the new splice_and_stutter.csd, and see line 269 for details. This only applies to users of Windows Windows Me (or earlier versions).

Thanks to everyone on the Csound Mailing List who helped straighten this out.